NIXIE TUBES GUIDE

What Are Nixie Tubes?

Nixie tubes are electronic devices used to display numerals or other information using glow discharge. They were invented in the mid-20th century and are prized for their warm, retro aesthetic. Each tube contains a series of cathodes shaped like numbers or symbols, which glow when powered.

How Do Nixie Tubes Work?

Nixie tubes work by passing a small electric current through neon or a similar gas, which causes the gas to glow. Each numeral is a separate cathode within the tube, and by applying voltage to a particular cathode, it lights up, displaying the desired digit. Here’s a simple breakdown:

1. Cathode: Shaped like numerals 0-9.
2. Anode: Common element within the tube.
3. Gas: Typically neon, which glows orange.

A Look at Nixie Tube Types

There’s a diverse world of nixie tubes out there, each with its own charm. Here’s a taste:

• By Size: Common sizes include the IN-14 (large), IN-8 (medium), and the coveted subminiature tubes like the B-5991 (tiny!).
• By Country of Origin: Soviet-era tubes like the IN-14 are popular, but don’t forget American brands like Burroughs and European ones like Mullard.

Price Range: Expect to pay anywhere from ~$20 for common types like the IN-14 to over $100 for rare subminiature tubes.

Complete Table of Common Nixie Tubes:

Applications and Popularity of Nixie Tubes

• Nixie Tube Clocks: Create stunning timepieces with a vintage flair.
• Retro Calculators: Utilize their numeric displays for an old-school aesthetic.
• Audio Equipment Displays: Serve as eye-catching visual elements.

History of Nixie Tubes

The history of nixie tubes dates back to the 1950s when they were developed by the Haydu Brothers Laboratories and subsequently marketed by Burroughs Corporation. Initially, these tubes were created as a more efficient way to display numerals and symbols electronically in scientific instruments and early computers. The name “nixie” is believed to have derived from the term “Numeric Indicator eXperimental No. 1.”

Early Development

• Invention: The concept of the nixie tube was first realized in the mid-1950s. The Haydu brothers, George and Zoltan, developed the initial prototypes which were then manufactured by Burroughs.
• Technology: Nixie tubes use glow discharge technology. Unlike LEDs, which rely on semiconductors, nixie tubes use cold-cathode neon gas glow discharge to illuminate pre-formed numerals.

Commercialization and Use

• Popularity: During the 1960s and 1970s, nixie tubes became widely popular in various electronic devices, including calculators, measuring instruments, counters, and clocks. Their unique appearance and functionality made them the display of choice for many high-tech applications of that era.
• Global Production: While the United States was the primary producer of nixie tubes, the technology quickly spread to other countries, including the Soviet Union, Germany, and Japan. Each region developed its own variations, contributing to the diversity in design and function that we see today.

Decline and Revival

• Decline: With the advent of more efficient and cost-effective display technologies like LEDs and LCDs in the late 1970s, the use of nixie tubes declined rapidly. They were gradually phased out of mainstream production and use.
• Modern Revival: In recent years, nixie tubes have experienced a revival among enthusiasts and collectors. Their retro charm and unique aesthetic have led to a resurgence in popularity, particularly in the creation of custom clocks and artistic displays. The demand for nixie tubes has also been fueled by a growing interest in steampunk and vintage technology projects.

Pros and Cons of Nixie Tubes:

TOP Nixie tubes problems and Tips to fix it

While charming, nixie tubes can encounter issues:

• Dim Lighting: May result from age or inadequate voltage.
• Flickering Displays: Often due to poor connections or faulty wiring.

Solutions

• Check Power Supply: Ensure proper voltage and connections.
• Replace Faulty Tubes: Swap out aged tubes to restore brightness.
• Regular Cleaning: Keep connections and contacts clean for optimal performance.

Conclusion

Nixie tubes, with their unique glow and vintage appeal, offer endless possibilities for creative projects and collections. Whether you’re building a nixie calculator or simply admiring their charm, understanding their history, operation, and availability can enhance your experience.

FAQ

Author: Anatolii Karpov